What sanctions are being imposed on Russia over Ukraine invasion?

Measures designed to damage Russia's economy have been introduced by countries opposed to its invasion of Ukraine.

This has led to higher prices for Russian households and shortages of some goods.

What sanctions have been imposed on Russia?

Military goods and mercenaries

A ban on the export of dual-use goods - items with both a civilian and military purpose, such as vehicle parts - has been imposed by the UK, EU and US.

This is reportedly having an impact on some Russian manufacturers.

Ukraine says Russia's main armoured vehicle factory has run out of parts to make and repair tanks. It also says a tractor plant has stopped production because of a shortage of foreign-made parts.

Flights

All Russian flights have been banned from US, UK, EU and Canadian airspace.

Luxury goods

The UK says it will ban the export of luxury goods to Russia - including vehicles, high-end fashion and art. The EU has already imposed a ban.

Targeting individuals

The US, EU and UK have together sanctioned over 1,000 Russian individuals and businesses, including wealthy business leaders known as oligarchs, who are considered close to the Kremlin.

Assets belonging to Russian President Vladimir Putin and his foreign minister Sergei Lavrov are also being frozen in the US, EU, UK and Canada.

However, many Russian oligarchs have put their properties and wealth under other names, which means they may be beyond the reach of sanctions.

Oil and gas

The US is banning all Russian oil and gas imports and the UK will phase out Russian oil imports by the end of 2022.

The EU, which gets a quarter of its oil and 40% of its gas from Russia, says it will switch to alternative supplies and make Europe independent from Russian energy "well before 2030".

Germany has put on hold permission for the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to open.

Financial measures

Western countries have frozen the assets of Russia's central bank, to stop it using its $630bn (£470bn) of foreign currency reserves.

This has caused the value of the rouble to slump by 22% since the start of the year. That, in turn, has pushed up the price of imported goods and led to a 14% rise in Russia's rate of inflation.

Some Russian banks are being removed from the international financial messaging system Swift, which is used to transfer money across borders. This will delay payments to Russia for energy exports.

The EU also said it would target 70% of the Russian banking market and key state-owned firms.

What are companies doing?

A growing number of international companies including McDonald's, Coca-Cola and Starbucks have suspended trading in Russia.

After facing fierce criticism for continuing to operate in Russia, Nestle has withdrawn some of its brands including KitKat and Nesquik, but will still sell "essential foods".

However, a number of other Western brands including Marks and Spencer, Burger King, and hotel groups Marriott and Accor say they can't pull out from Russia because their businesses there operate under complex franchise deals.

How has Russia reacted to sanctions?

Russia's President Putin has said he will make "unfriendly" nations pay for their imports of Russian gas in roubles, which would push up the value of the currency.

Russia has banned exports of more than 200 products until the end of 2022, including telecoms, medical, vehicle, agricultural, electrical equipment and timber.

In addition it is blocking interest payments to foreign investors who hold government bonds, and banning Russian firms from paying overseas shareholders.

It has stopped foreign investors who hold billions of dollars worth of Russian stocks and bonds from selling them.